Annual Report of the State Geologist

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Excerpt from Annual Report of the State Geologist: For the Year 1880The nature and extent of the various Geological formations of the State, and especially the rocky strata beneath the soil or superficial earth, have been described in the several reports of the Geological Survey, and their outlines have been represented on the Geological maps accompanying these reports. These maps do not, however, indicate the nature or extent of the surface earth. The earths, sands, gravels and boulders, more or less mixed, and irregularly dis tributed upon the Older beds and strata, constitute an important feature of the surface and give character to the soil throughout large areas. Over large areas they cover the rock so deeply as to conceal it and render the determination of the older formation extremely difficult. And the tracing of Geological boundaries is, in places, done with much uncertainty on account of these thick surface deposits. The earth and imbedded rock fragments which result from the decompositions and disintegration of rocks in place must not be confounded with them. The former are native, the latter are foreign - erratics. The modification of the original Geological features consists in the rounded and polished ledges or roches mou tonnées, in the softened contour lines of hills and mountains, as well as in the rocky slopes clothed with loose materials. And the soil and the ¿ora are also determined to some extent by the super ficial covering. The description of these surface beds and deposits and the modified outcrops of the older formations, constitutes what may be termed the Geology of the Surface. In this report the con sideration of the earth's originating in place is omitted.The surface deposits here considered belong to what is termed by Geologists the Post Tertiary or Quaternary Period.About the PublisherForgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.comThis book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully, any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.